第1章 AutoCAD 2012基础知识 .............1
1.1 AutoCAD 2012功能概览 ........................1
1.2 AutoCAD 2012界面组成 ........................2
1.2.1 工作空间..........................................2
1.2.2 标题栏..............................................4
1.2.3 菜单栏与快捷菜单..........................5
1.2.4 工具栏..............................................6
1.2.5 工具选项板......................................7
1.2.6 绘图区..............................................8
1.2.7 命令行与文本窗口..........................8
1.2.8 状态栏..............................................9
1.3 环境配置................................................11
1.4 AutoCAD使用入门 ..............................13
1.4.1 栅格的显示和隐藏........................13
1.4.2 视图的平移与缩放........................14
1.4.3 视图重画和重生成........................16
1.4.4 绘制第一个图形............................16
1.4.5 对象的选择与删除........................17
1.4.6 使用命令........................................18
1.4.7 使用帮助........................................20
1.5 习题........................................................21
第2章 文件操作 .......................25
2.1 样题示范................................................25
2.2 样题分析................................................26
2.3 图形文件的创建、打开与关闭............26
2.3.1 创建文件........................................26
2.3.2 认识AutoCAD的文件格式 ........29
2.3.3 自定义样板....................................29
2.3.4 设置默认样板................................30
2.3.5 打开文件........................................31
2.3.6 保存文件........................................31
2.3.7 关闭文件........................................31
2.4 图形界限的设置....................................31
2.4.1 设置图形界限................................32
2.4.2 显示图形界限................................32
2.4.3 使用和取消图形界限....................33
2.5 图形单位的设置....................................33
2.6 创建和使用图纸集................................36
2.6.1 创建图纸集....................................36
2.6.2 为图纸集添加图纸........................37
2.6.3 使用模型视图和图纸视图............38
2.6.4 图纸集的发布与打印....................39
2.7 文件的输入、输出和转换....................39
2.7.1 输入文件........................................40
2.7.2 输出文件........................................40
2.7.3 附着文件........................................41
2.7.4 转换文件........................................42
2.8 样题解答................................................43
2.9 习题........................................................44
第3章 简单绘图 ........................47
3.1 样题示范................................................47
3.2 样题分析................................................48
3.3 点的绘制................................................48
3.3.1 设置点样式....................................48
3.3.2 直接绘制点....................................49
3.3.3 通过定数等分绘制点....................49
3.3.4 通过定距等分绘制点....................50
3.4 直线的绘制............................................50
3.4.1 绘制直线........................................50
3.4.2 绘制垂直线、平行线和切线........51
3.4.3 绘制射线........................................52
3.4.4 绘制构造线....................................53
3.5 圆、圆弧、椭圆和椭圆弧的绘制........53
3.5.1 绘制圆............................................53
3.5.2 绘制圆弧........................................54
3.5.3 绘制椭圆........................................56
3.5.4 绘制椭圆弧....................................56
3.6 矩形和正多边形的绘制........................57
3.6.1 绘制矩形........................................57
3.6.2 绘制正多边形................................58
3.7 样题解答...............................................58
3.8 习题.......................................................59
第4章 图形属性 .......................61
4.1 样题示范...............................................61
4.2 样题分析...............................................62
4.3 设置绘图颜色、线型和线宽...............62
4.3.1 设置颜色........................................63
4.3.2 设置线型和线宽............................63
4.4 使用图层................................................65
4.4.1 图层特性管理器............................65
4.4.2 将对象所在图层设置为
当前图层.......................................66
4.4.3 图层合并........................................66
4.4.4 图层匹配........................................67
4.4.5 上一个图层....................................67
4.4.6 图层关闭和打开............................67
4.4.7 图层冻结和解冻............................69
4.4.8 图层隔离和取消隔离....................70
4.5 创建和使用块........................................70
4.5.1 创建块............................................70
4.5.2 插入块............................................72
4.5.3 存储块............................................73
4.5.4 分解块............................................73
4.5.5 定义块属性....................................74
4.5.6 块的编辑和管理............................76
4.6 动态块...................................................78
4.7 样题解答...............................................82
4.8 习题.......................................................84
第5章 图形编辑 .......................87
5.1 样题示范..............................................88
5.2 样题分析..............................................88
5.3 选择对象..............................................88
5.3.1 单击选择对象................................89
5.3.2 使用窗口和窗交方式选择对象....89
5.3.3 使用“快速选择”命令选择
对象...............................................90
5.3.4 使用命令行选择对象....................91
5.4 使用夹点编辑对象................................93
5.4.1 典型对象的夹点类型及作用........93
5.4.2 为使用夹点编辑对象指定基点....95
5.4.3 利用夹点拉伸、移动和旋转
对象.............................................96
5.4.4 利用夹点缩放和镜像对象............97
5.4.5 利用夹点复制对象........................98
5.5 编辑对象特性...........................................98
5.5.1 利用“特性”面板编辑对象
特性................................................98
5.5.2 利用“特性匹配”命令匹配对象
特性................................................99
5.6 改变对象的位置和方向......................100
5.6.1 移动对象......................................100
5.6.2 旋转对象......................................100
5.6.3 对齐对象......................................101
5.7 改变对象的长度和形状......................101
5.7.1 修剪对象......................................101
5.7.2 延伸对象......................................103
5.7.3 拉长对象......................................103
5.7.4 打断对象......................................104
5.7.5 打断于点......................................104
5.7.6 拉伸对象......................................104
5.7.7 缩放对象......................................105
5.8 修改复合对象......................................105
5.8.1 圆角对象......................................106
5.8.2 倒角对象......................................106
5.8.3 分解对象......................................107
5.8.4 合并对象......................................107
5.9 创建对象副本......................................108
5.9.1 复制对象......................................108
5.9.2 镜像对象......................................108
5.9.3 偏移对象......................................109
5.9.4 阵列对象......................................110
5.9.5 利用Windows剪贴板移动和复制
对象..............................................112
5.10 样题解答.............................................113
5.11 习题 ...................................................114
第6章 精确绘图 ...................... 117
6.1 样题示范..............................................117
6.2 样题分析..............................................118
6.3 AutoCAD的坐标系............................118
6.3.1 笛卡儿坐标系和极坐标系..........119
6.3.2 世界坐标系和用户坐标系..........119
6.3.3 自定义用户坐标系......................120
6.3.4 绝对坐标和相对坐标..................120
6.3.5 控制坐标系图标的显示..............121
6.4 栅格、捕捉、正交、对象捕捉和追踪 ...122
6.4.1 栅格..............................................122
6.4.2 捕捉..............................................123
6.4.3 正交模式......................................124
6.4.4 对象捕捉......................................124
6.4.5 极轴追踪......................................127
6.4.6 动态输入......................................128
6.5 多段线的绘制.....................................129
6.5.1 绘制多段线..................................130
6.5.2 编辑多段线..................................131
6.6 样条曲线的绘制.................................133
6.6.1 绘制样条曲线.............................134
6.6.2 编辑样条曲线.............................135
6.7 多线的绘制........................................138
6.7.1 设置多线样式.............................138
6.7.2 绘制多线.....................................140
6.7.3 编辑多线.....................................141
6.8 图案填充和渐变色的绘制................141
6.8.1 绘制图案填充..............................141
6.8.2 绘制渐变色..................................145
6.8.3 使用工具选项板绘制图案
填充.............................................146
6.8.4 编辑图案填充与渐变色..............146
6.9 样题解答.............................................146
6.10 习题 .................................................149
第7章 尺寸标注 ......................153
7.1 样题示范............................................154
7.2 样题分析...........................................154
7.3 创建文字样式...................................155
7.4 输入与编辑文字...............................156
7.4.1 输入单行文字.............................157
7.4.2 输入多行文字.............................159
7.4.3 编辑文字.....................................160
7.5 尺寸标注的基本概念.........................161
7.5.1 尺寸标注的规则..........................161
7.5.2 尺寸标注的组成..........................161
7.5.3 尺寸标注的创建步骤 ................162
7.6 尺寸标注的样式..................................163
7.6.1 新建和修改尺寸标注样式 .........163
7.6.2 调整尺寸线与尺寸界线的
外观............................................164
7.6.3 调整尺寸终端符号的特性..........165
7.6.4 调整尺寸标注文字的样式
与位置........................................167
7.6.5 调整尺寸标注组成元素之间的
位置关系....................................168
7.6.6 调整线性标注及角度标注..........170
7.6.7 设置换算单位..............................171
7.6.8 设置尺寸标注公差样式..............172
7.7 添加各种尺寸标注..............................173
7.7.1 线性标注......................................174
7.7.2 对齐标注......................................174
7.7.3 坐标标注......................................175
7.7.4 角度标注......................................175
7.7.5 半径标注......................................177
7.7.6 直径标注......................................177
7.7.7 折弯标注......................................177
7.7.8 弧长标注......................................177
7.7.9 圆心标记......................................178
7.8 标注注释与公差.................................178
7.8.1 多重引线标注..............................178
7.8.2 标注形位公差..............................180
7.8.3 标注尺寸公差..............................183
7.9 快速标注方法.....................................184
7.9.1 基线标注......................................184
7.9.2 连续标注......................................185
7.9.3 快速标注......................................185
7.9.4 快速引线......................................186
7.10 编辑尺寸标注....................................187
7.10.1 调整标注间距............................187
7.10.2 打断标注....................................188
7.10.3 折弯线性标注............................188
7.10.4 检验标注....................................189
7.10.5 倾斜标注....................................190
7.10.6 对齐标注文字............................190
7.10.7 利用DDEDIT命令和DIMEDIT
命令编辑尺寸标注文字............191
7.10.8 利用“特性”面板编辑
尺寸标注....................................192
7.10.9 重新关联标注............................192
7.11 样题解答 ..........................................192
7.12 习题 ..................................................197
第8章 三维绘图 .......................201
8.1 样题示范..............................................201
8.2 样题分析..............................................202
8.3 三维绘图基础......................................202
8.3.1 调整三维图形的显示样式..........203
8.3.2 调整视图的显示方向..................203
8.3.3 3D导航立方体 .............................205
8.3.4 动态观察视图..............................205
8.3.5 视图的消隐和重生成..................205
8.3.6 调整曲面轮廓线的显示..............206
8.4 三维坐标系.........................................206
8.4.1 在三维空间中定位点..................206
8.4.2 自定义用户坐标系......................208
8.4.3 管理坐标系..................................209
8.5 三维线条的绘制.................................211
8.5.1 绘制三维多段线..........................211
8.5.2 绘制螺旋......................................211
8.6 基本实体的绘制..................................212
8.6.1 绘制长方体..................................212
8.6.2 绘制楔体......................................212
8.6.3 绘制多段体..................................212
8.6.4 绘制球体......................................213
8.6.5 绘制圆柱体..................................213
8.6.6 绘制圆锥体..................................214
8.6.7 绘制圆环体..................................214
8.6.8 绘制棱锥面..................................214
8.7 利用平面图形创建实体.....................215
8.7.1 通过拉伸创建实体......................215
8.7.2 通过旋转创建实体......................216
8.7.3 通过扫掠创建实体......................217
8.7.4 通过放样创建实体......................217
8.7.5 通过按住并拖动创建实体..........219
8.8 三维面的绘制...................................220
8.8.1 绘制平面曲面............................220
8.8.2 绘制二维填充网格......................220
8.8.3 绘制三维面..................................221
8.8.4 绘制三维网格..............................221
8.8.5 绘制旋转网格..............................221
8.8.6 绘制平移网格..............................222
8.8.7 绘制直纹网格..............................223
8.8.8 绘制边界网格..............................223
8.9 三维操作.............................................223
8.9.1 三维移动......................................224
8.9.2 三维旋转......................................224
8.9.3 三维对齐......................................225
8.9.4 三维镜像......................................225
8.9.5 三维阵列......................................225
8.10 编辑实体面.......................................226
8.10.1 拉伸面........................................226
8.10.2 移动面........................................227
8.10.3 偏移面........................................227
8.10.4 删除面........................................227
8.10.5 旋转面........................................228
8.10.6 复制面........................................228
8.11 编辑实体 ..........................................229
8.11.1 倒角 ...........................................229
8.11.2 圆角 ...........................................230
8.11.3 实体抽壳 ...................................230
8.12 实体的布尔运算.................................231
8.13 三维尺寸标注.....................................231
8.14 样题解答.............................................232
8.15 习题.....................................................233
第9章 综合绘图 .......................237
9.1 样题示范............................................238
9.2 样题分析............................................239
9.3 图纸的主要构成元素........................239
9.4 设置对象的次序................................240
9.4.1 前置和后置..................................240
9.4.2 文字和标注前置..........................240
9.5 创建表格.............................................240
9.5.1 创建和修改表格样式.................241
9.5.2 创建表格并输入内容.................242
9.5.3 在表格中使用公式.....................243
9.6 编辑表格............................................244
9.6.1 选择表格与表单元.....................245
9.6.2 编辑表格内容.............................245
9.6.3 调整表格的行高与列宽.............245
9.6.4 插入、删除行或列.....................247
9.6.5 表单元的合并与取消.................248
9.6.6 调整表格内容的对齐方式.........249
9.6.7 调整表格边框.............................250
9.7 修订云线与区域覆盖........................250
9.7.1 绘制修订云线............................250
9.7.2 绘制区域覆盖............................252
9.8 查询...................................................253
9.8.1 查询距离和面积........................253
9.8.2 列表显示对象特性....................255
9.8.3 查询点坐标................................256
9.8.4 查询时间与当前状态..................256
9.8.5 查询面域/质量特性 ....................257
9.8.6 查询和设置变量..........................257
9.9 辅助功能..............................................258
9.9.1 使用计算器..................................258
9.9.2 清除图形......................................259
9.9.3 修复图形......................................259
9.10 绘制图框和标题栏...........................260
9.10.1 绘制图框...................................260
9.10.2 绘制标题栏...............................262
9.11 打印设置和打印 ............................263
9.11.1 图纸打印输出的基本步骤 ........263
9.11.2 设置打印范围 ............................264
9.11.3 设置打印比例 ............................265
9.11.4 设置图形方向 ............................266
9.11.5 设置打印精度 ............................266
9.11.6 打印预览 ....................................267
9.11.7 输出为图片文件和PDF文件 ....268
9.12 样题解答..............................................268
9.13 习题......................................................272