1.1 计算机概述 ·····································2
1.1.1 计算机的特点·························2
1.1.2 计算机的发展·························3
1.1.3 计算机的分类·························4
1.1.4 计算机的应用·························5
1.2 计算机的工作原理与系统构成 ············6
1.2.1 计算机工作原理 ·····················7
1.2.2 计算机硬件系统 ·····················8
1.2.3 计算机软件系统 ·····················9
1.2.4 计算机指令 ····························9
1.2.5 程序设计语言······················· 11
1.2.6 计算机的性能指标 ················ 13
1.3 计算机的硬件组成 ·························· 14
第1章 计算机基础知识
1.3.1 主板 ··································· 14
1.3.2 中央处理器 ·························· 15
1.3.3 存储器 ································ 15
1.3.4 总线和接口 ·························· 16
1.3.5 输入/输出设备 ······················ 17
1.4 信息在计算机中的表示与存储 ·········· 18
1.4.1 进位计数制 ·························· 18
1.4.2 常用计数制之间的转换 ·········· 19
1.4.3 计算机中的常用编码 ············· 20
1.4.4 信息在计算机中的存储 ·········· 22
本章小结 ..............................................................24
习题 .......................................................................24
目 录
第2章 中文Windows 7操作系统
2.1 Windows 7基础 ······························ 28
2.1.1 Windows 7简介 ····················· 28
2.1.2 Windows 7的启动、退出
和注销 ································ 29
2.2 Windows 7的基本概念与操作 ············ 30
2.2.1 鼠标和键盘的使用 ················ 30
2.2.2 Windows 7桌面 ····················· 34
2.2.3 窗口及其基本操作 ················ 36
2.2.4 菜单及其基本操作 ················ 38
2.2.5 对话框及操作······················· 39
2.2.6 输入法的使用······················· 40
2.2.7 使用联机帮助······················· 42
2.3 文件管理 ······································ 42
2.3.1 文件和文件夹······················· 43
2.3.2 “计算机”和“资源管理器” ··· 44
2.3.3 管理文件或文件夹 ················ 45
2.3.4 使用“回收站” ··················· 46
2.3.5 搜索文件或文件夹 ················ 47
2.3.6 查看或修改文件或文件夹的
属性 ··································· 48
2
Contents
计算机基础与网络应用
2.3.7 库的管理与使用 ··················· 49
2.4 程序管理 ······································ 50
2.4.1 程序的启动和退出 ················ 50
2.4.2 Windows任务管理器 ·············· 51
2.4.3 创建应用程序的快捷方式 ······· 51
2.4.4 设置打开文件的程序 ············· 52
2.4.5 剪贴板 ································ 53
2.5 控制面板 ······································ 53
2.5.1 Windows 7的外观与个性化······ 53
2.5.2 用户账户管理······················· 54
2.5.3 打印机的安装、设置
和使用 ································ 56
2.5.4 日期和时间设置 ··················· 57
2.5.5 安装和删除程序 ··················· 59
2.6 Windows 7磁盘管理 ························ 59
2.6.1 相关概念 ····························· 59
2.6.2 查看磁盘的常规属性 ············· 60
2.6.3 格式化磁盘 ·························· 61
2.6.4 磁盘扫描程序······················· 62
2.6.5 磁盘碎片整理程序 ················ 62
2.6.6 磁盘清理程序······················· 63
2.7 Windows 7附件程序 ························ 63
2.7.1 记事本与写字板 ··················· 64
2.7.2 画图 ··································· 66
2.7.3 计算器 ································ 67
2.7.4 截图工具 ····························· 68
本章小结 ..............................................................68
习题 .......................................................................68
第3章 数据库技术基础
3.1 数据库基础知识 ····························· 72
3.1.1 数据库的基本概念 ················ 73
3.1.2 数据库技术的发展 ················ 74
3.1.3 数据模型 ····························· 75
3.2 关系数据库基础 ····························· 76
3.2.1 基本概念 ····························· 76
3.2.2 关系运算 ····························· 77
3.2.3 关系的完整性······················· 77
3.2.4 常用的关系数据库管理
系统简介 ····························· 77
3.3 结构化查询语言SQL ······················· 78
3.3.1 SQL概述 ····························· 78
3.3.2 数据定义语言······················· 79
3.3.3 数据操纵语言······················· 82
3.4 Access 2010的基本操作 ···················· 82
3.4.1 数据库的创建······················· 82
3.4.2 数据库对象 ·························· 84
3.4.3 表的创建 ····························· 85
3.4.4 表的编辑与维护 ··················· 86
3.4.5 查询 ··································· 88
3.4.6 数据的导入导出 ··················· 92
本章小结 ..............................................................92
习题 .......................................................................92
3
目录
第4章 图像处理基础
4.1 Photoshop的应用 ···························· 94
4.1.1 CG绘画 ······························· 94
4.1.2 创意合成 ····························· 95
4.1.3 视觉创意 ····························· 95
4.1.4 平面设计 ····························· 95
4.1.5 包装与书籍装帧设计 ············· 96
4.1.6 数码相片处理······················· 97
4.1.7 网页创作 ····························· 97
4.2 Photoshop的操作环境 ······················ 98
4.2.1 工作界面 ····························· 98
4.2.2 工具箱 ································ 99
4.2.3 面板 ································· 100
4.3 几个重要的概念 ··························· 101
4.3.1 选区 ································· 101
4.3.2 图层 ································· 101
4.3.3 通道 ································· 102
4.4 图层的使用 ································· 103
4.4.1 认识“图层”面板 ·············· 103
4.4.2 图层的基本操作 ················· 104
4.5 图像的基本操作 ····························112
4.5.1 图像大小 ····························112
4.5.2 画布大小 ····························113
4.5.3 图像旋转 ····························115
本章小结 ............................................................116
习题 .....................................................................116
第5章 动画设计基础
5.1 Flash的应用 ·································118
5.2 Flash的操作环境 ·························· 120
5.2.1 工作界面 ··························· 120
5.2.2 菜单栏 ······························ 121
5.2.3 工具箱 ······························ 121
5.2.4 绘图工作区 ························ 121
5.2.5 时间轴 ······························ 122
5.2.6 “属性”面板····················· 122
5.2.7 浮动面板 ··························· 123
5.3 时间轴、帧与图层 ······················· 123
5.3.1 认识时间轴 ························ 123
5.3.2 认识帧 ······························ 124
5.3.3 认识图层 ··························· 128
5.4 Flash的基础动画 ·························· 129
5.4.1 了解动画原理····················· 129
5.4.2 Flash的几种基础动画 ··········· 130
5.5 元件和库 ··································· 132
5.5.1 Flash中的元件 ···················· 132
5.5.2 在库中管理元件 ················· 133
本章小结 ............................................................135
习题 .....................................................................135
4
Contents
计算机基础与网络应用
第6章 信息安全技术基础
6.1 信息安全基础 ······························ 138
6.1.1 基本概念 ··························· 138
6.1.2 常用信息安全防御技术 ········ 139
6.2 计算机病毒及防治 ························ 143
6.2.1 计算机病毒的概念与特征 ····· 143
6.2.2 计算机病毒的分类与常见
症状 ································· 144
6.2.3 计算机病毒传播途径 ··········· 146
6.2.4 计算机病毒的防治 ·············· 147
6.2.5 常见的杀毒软件 ················· 148
6.3 黑客的防范 ································· 149
6.3.1 黑客概述 ··························· 149
6.3.2 黑客常用攻击方式 ·············· 149
6.3.3 常用黑客防范方法 ·············· 150
本章小结 ............................................................151
习题 .....................................................................151
第7章 计算机网络基础
7.1 计算机网络基础知识 ···················· 154
7.1.1 计算机网络概述及其组成 ····· 154
7.1.2 计算机网络的主要功能
和分类 ······························ 156
7.1.3 网络拓扑结构····················· 157
7.1.4 网络传输介质和网络设备 ····· 158
7.1.5 网络协议与体系结构 ··········· 164
7.1.6 数据通信基础····················· 165
7.2 局域网技术 ································· 168
7.2.1 局域网概述 ························ 168
7.2.2 局域网的硬件组成 ·············· 168
7.2.3 网络操作系统····················· 169
7.3 无线网络 ···································· 169
7.3.1 无线局域网网络设备 ··········· 169
7.3.2 无线网卡的安装与配置 ········ 170
7.3.3 无线路由器的连接与配置 ····· 171
7.4 Windows 7网络功能 ······················ 173
7.4.1 在局域网环境下的网络设置 ··· 173
7.4.2 访问共享资源····················· 174
7.4.3 设置共享资源····················· 175
7.4.4 “映射”网络驱动器 ············· 176
7.5 因特网基础 ································· 177
7.5.1 因特网的发展与现状 ··········· 177
7.5.2 因特网在中国····················· 177
7.5.3 因特网的组成····················· 177
7.5.4 因特网地址和域名 ·············· 177
7.5.5 因特网的接入方式 ·············· 179
7.6 因特网上的信息服务 ···················· 179
7.6.1 WWW信息资源 ·················· 179
7.6.2 浏览器的使用····················· 180
7.6.3 信息的查询 ························ 182
7.6.4 电子邮件（E-mail） ············ 182
7.6.5 即时通信服务····················· 187
7.7 网页设计技术简介 ························ 189
7.7.1 网页基本概念····················· 189
7.7.2 HTML基础 ························ 190
7.7.3 网页制作工具简介 ·············· 191
本章小结 ............................................................191
习题 .....................................................................191